Acting like a lady Essay Example For Students

Acting like a lady Essay So You Want To Act Like a Lady?For years women have been waxing, plucking and beautifying themselves for one reason and one reason only; because they think that is beauty. A woman is only classified as a lady if she can walk, talk and dress the part. The way that society has viewed femininity has changed immensely over the past hundred years, but acting like a tomboy or, heaven forbid, being strong and independent is looked down upon in the eyes of men and other women. Certain standards of ladylike demeanor have become outdated in todays society, and women should be looked at as beautiful when strong and independent. But what defines a woman to be ladylike, and can it be defined as a single type? I believe that standards of beauty have changed, and standing out is what will get you ahead in society today. Stereotypes of the ideal female must be brought down to work on achieving inner beauty and internal happiness. Since the 1950s, women have been seen as very dainty and sensitive creatures who are meant to be silent partners to their mates. A womans place was in the home-cooking, cleaning and watching after her children. Women were to get up every morning and prepare lunches for their breadwinning husbands, as well as wake and dress the children for school, cook breakfast, do housework and have a hot meal on the table when her husband was to return home. Women have stepped down to their traditional roles as housewife and caretaker, and it has raised many issues in society today. It was considered a womans job to be a good cook and be a whiz with a broom, in fact, it is what made them so darn attractive. Times, they are a changing. In fact, the U.S Department of Labor states that in the year 2008, women will make up 48% of the work force. That means that more women will be going to college and getting and education, as well as heading out into the workforce to make a name for themselves. Being a lady also means dressing like a lady. But since when has the portrait of a woman relied on what she wore? I have been told all my life that high heels are a womans best friend, and a true treasure is finding just your shade of lipstick. The pain that women endure for a small amount of vanity will be forever a mystery to me. Hours spent in the bathroom with irons, curlers, pokers, prodders, waxes and powders, and for what? So you can pretend you enjoy it and wake up the next morning and do it all again. The first test in becoming ladylike lies in a womans outer appearance. Not long ago, it was considered beautiful to run around in tightly yanked corsets and ballroom gowns, but now we must wear high heels that look like some sort of torture device? Running late to the market in a pair of jeans and a sweatshirt is completely unacceptable, if you a true lady that is. I remember growing up watching reruns of shows like The Brady Bunch and The Wonder Years and in every episode the women were dressed in ridiculous looking dresses and jumpers. They never looked comfortable, and they sure as heck couldnt throw around the football! To find a woman in a pair of jeans and a do-rag was permitted only while working in the yard or cleaning the house. I grew up my entire life in a t-shirt, jeans and a pair of softball cleats, and I consider myself very much a lady. I would have much rather scored the winning run than play with my sisters Barbie bake oven, thats for sure. .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .postImageUrl , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:hover , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:visited , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:active { border:0!important; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:active , .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc190c2c2858b73a681f87309a3e2476d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord Of The Flies With Withered Arm Companionship EssayTo be a lady also means to act like a lady. This means no spitting, swearing, farting, cursing, hitting, name-calling or getting dirty. It is completely impossible for any one person to go their entire life without performing at least one, it not all of these acts, repeatedly. Why hide the fact that you just ate a medium pizza and then drank a 2 liter of Coke? Let out a little belch. And in someones unwritten laws of being a woman, it was decided that women must be dainty and sensitive to matters of decorum. I know that most men take comfort in the fact that they must provide for their wives and perform difficult tasks to show their manhood, but what about those few precious women who can get things done by themselves? Men are in charge of manual labor, heavy machinery and getting a little dirt underneath their fingernails. Because, we all know that dirt would never find its way into a ladys fingernail, or it would just be extremely hard to see under their pastel pink fingernail polish. To be a lady means to never to be one of the guys. And women participating in sports are completely out of the question. A woman wasnt allowed to play rough and be tough because they would never find a man, get married and have children (supposedly every womans fulfillment in life?) Women are meant to be the cheerleaders standing off to the side at a baseball game, looking adoringly into their little mirrored compact and asking who just scored a touchdown. Do men really find, ditsy, uneducated women attractive? Do they really want a woman to rely on their every move and hang on their every whim? Empowered women, to me, are the epitome of beauty, and if that means ripping a worm in half, sticking it on the hook and catching dinner, then so be it. Up until just recently, women have been content being looked down upon by powerful men in society, but in my eyes, for gender inequality to go on any longer would be a travesty. Women today need to realize that they no longer need to fit some ridiculous cookie-cutter mold that insecure men have formed for them. It infuriates me that at one time, women werent allowed to play professional sports, let alone vote! It all turned around though, just eighty five years ago when women were allowed into the voters booth. To think that resources were once unobtainable to the women before me, only motivates me to take advantage of all I can in the time that I have here on earth.

Model Thesis On Globalization For Globalism -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Model Thesis On Globalization For Globalism? Answer: Introducation The article helps in analyzing the different factors that has affected the culture. The two factors are immigration along with globalization. Globalization is defined as the system of complex connections among different countries. It happens both in cultural and economic level. It has been identified in the article that globalization has huge effect on working individuals who work for multinational companies. Globalization has profound effect on the culture in other countries (Hay and Marsh 2016). It has been seen that the individual cultures are easily threatened by the globalization factors. The advantages include broadening the minds of individuals and it helps in promoting education. It helps in improving the international relations among different nations (Rao 2015). On the other hand, there are different advantages of globalization that include there has been gap between the rich and poor in the entire competitive market. It has affected the entire global economy that has affec ted the environment. The globalization has affected the good working condition of the workers. Reflection From the article, I have understood that globalization and immigration has huge impact on the culture. I have analyzed that globalization takes place in both cultural and economic level in different countries. In the article, I have seen that the example of Starbucks has been provided wherein globalization not influences the culture by exporting goods and services, but it has effect on individuals working in the different multinational companies. I have analyzed that there are different benefits and disadvantages of globalization wherein it has profound effect of the different cultures of the different companies. I have understood that globalization has helped many organizations in hiring Indian employees with proper training and developmental programs. It has helped in broadening the mind of the individuals in different countries in an effectual manner. I have highlighted the disadvantages in the article that included that it has increased the gap between rich and poor. There have b een different cases wherein employees are complaining about the work pressure and depression. In the article, it has been shown that employees are depressed and they are quitting their jobs due to excessive pressure. References Hay, C. and Marsh, D. eds., 2016.Demystifying globalization. Springer. Rao, R.S., 2015. A University Model Thesis on Globalization for Globalism.International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology,2(04).

The Short Story “a Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” free essay sample

The short story â€Å"A Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† focuses around Yellow Sky’s town martial, Jack Potter, during a time when many important changes are occurring in his life. In the story Potter is returning from a trip to San Antonio. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Story â€Å"a Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had gone there simply â€Å"to meet a girl he believed he loved† but while he was there he impulsively married her. Now bringing her home, Jack Potter is fearful of the changes this action signifies, and how it will be received by his friends in Yellow Sky. Yellow Sky has remained representative of the old west, and has perhaps resisted change longer than most areas, so he realizes that a major change such as his marriage might be received unfavorably. In the end however change is inevitable, and a short trip away from his home has caused many changes in Jack Potter, and in his life. The Changes with Potter seemed to have all started by his trip to San Antonio. A simple thing, such as a change in environment, and Potter’s actions changed dramatically. On the train returning to Yellow Sky the changes in Potter become more apparent. There are many changes; he is experiencing new actions such as splurging and tipping, he is now a newly married man and acts the part, and he has new clothes in the form of a black suit, which only emphasizes his rough appearance. Being a town martial, a black suit would be an uncommon and impractical thing for him to wear while outside, keeping order in a hot dusty town. Potter and his new wife are also returning first class, which Potter, not being any sort of business man, and living on the wages he would earn as a town martial, would not normally do. It is an extravagance, but because of his new marriage he wanted to treat himself and his wife and â€Å"go the whole thing. † His wife also notices this, exclaiming at the price of a meal in the parlour-car, asking if it isn’t too much for them. To this Potter replies â€Å"Not this trip, anyhow,† seeing the elegant furnishing, and the cost of everything as all as being reflective of â€Å"the glory or their marriage† and of the changes being a positive thing. The newly married couple is so happy, and shyly enjoying the new experience of the train and each other so much, that the other passengers take notice and are amused by them. Though clumsy at times, and obviously new to such actions as tipping, and dealing with porters, Potter is also excited, showing off the train to his wife proudly. The train car itself represents changes in Potter, and his pride in showing it to his wife shows that Potter is glad of the changes and is embracing them. Despite this, Potter is also nervous, evident by his hands which â€Å"were always performing in the most conscious fashion†, not because he himself dislikes the changes, but he fears Yellow Sky might not be so willing to accept them. Yellow Sky is a town that is seemingly unchanging, but even in this small town things are moving forward. There is a new hotel, and there is a drummer in from out of town, there to sell new goods and talk of new things he has seen elsewhere. The salesman himself would be a change from the norm, and though the townsfolk allow him to be there, they do not really accept him, not participating in conversation with him in the bar, and appearing to be somewhat wary of him. In Yellow Sky is a man named Scratchy Wilson. Normally quite a harmless man, he goes gun crazy and becomes a bit violent when he drinks. He is the â€Å"last one of the old gang that used to hang out along the river†, and in many ways represents the old ways. Still, even he shows some signs of being affected by change, such as wearing a new shirt from New York. In the past, whenever Scratchy had been drinking and went looking to cause trouble, Potter was there to keep the peace. This time when he has been drinking, Potter isn’t immediately there to deal with him as he normally would, by going out and fighting him. Going on a bit of a rampage, Scratchy calls for a fight, looking for Potter, wanting events to progress as they had on previous occasion. When no offer of a fight is forthcoming Scratchy becomes confused, and finally decides to seek out Potter himself by going to Potter’s home. He calls for Potter to come out, but because Potter and his wife have not arrived yet Scratchy can only continue to yell challenges. When Potter does arrive however, Scratchy finds not his old antagonist but a different man, a changed Potter. Despite most everything else being basically the same, this one important element is different. This new Potter carries no gun and tries to put off the fight, which shocks Scratchy because Potter has never been seen without his gun, nor has he ever been unwilling to fight Scratchy. Scratchy then becomes even more shocked when he discovers that Potter is not carrying a gun because he has just arrived with his new wife from San Antonio. In the face of this change Scratchy decides that the fight must be off, not knowing what else to do in these different circumstances. He was not a student of chivalry; it was merely that in the presence of this foreign condition he was a simpler child of the earlier plains. † No longer rampaging, he now acts like a disappointed child, sulking and dragging his feet as he leaves, submissive to the new way of things. It would seem that Potter will no longer have to fight Scratchy during one of Scratchy’s drinking bouts as he has had to often i n the past. This is one of the many things that it seems will be different in his new life. Many changes occur in this story, most of which are surrounding Potter. Although his life seems to have been the same routine for quite some time, even he cannot resist change forever, and finally away from the restraining eye of Yellow Sky change happens quickly and naturally to him. These changes are seen as even more pronounced because of how suddenly they occurred. As is usually the case, one change leads to another, and soon Potter is nearly a different person, with different ideals, priorities, and mannerisms. He has new life; he no longer carries a gun with him everywhere, and he doesn’t wish to fight because of a new wife. These differences cause change to come over even Scratchy, who was the last of his kind and represented an older way of things. Scratchy is forced to change, and to concede that things must be different to accept these changes. In the end it seems that what started as a simple trip to San Antonio led to a sequence of many events and many changes in the life of Jack Potter, causing his life to be quite different from what it was before.

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems The melody of the German national anthem comes from the old Austrian imperial anthem â€Å"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser† (â€Å"God Save Franz the Emperor†) by Franz Joseph Haydn  (1732-1809), which was first played on February 12, 1797. In 1841 Haydns melody was combined with with lyrics by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben  Ã‚  (1798-1874) to create â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† or â€Å"Das Deutschlandlied.† From the time of Bismarcks Prussia (1871) up to the end of the First World War this anthem was replaced by another. In 1922 the first president of the German Republic (the â€Å"Weimar Republic†), Friedrich Ebert, officially introduced â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† as the national anthem. During the 12 years of the Nazi era, the first stanza was the official anthem. In May 1952 the third stanza was proclaimed the official anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) by President Theodor Heuss. (East Germany had its own anthem.) The second verse, while never  verboten (forbidden), was not very popular because of its â€Å"wine, women, and song† references. The fourth verse was written by Albert Matthi during the French occupation of the Ruhr region in 1923. It is not part of the anthem today. Since 1952, only the third (â€Å"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit†) verse has been the official anthem. Das Lied der Deutschen Song of the Germans German Lyrics Literal English Translation Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, ber alles in der Welt, Above everything in the world, Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze When always, for protection, Brderlich zusammenhlt, We stand together as brothers. Von der Maas bis an die Memel, From the Maas to the Memel Von der Etsch bis an den Belt - From the Etsch to the Belt - Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all ber alles in der Welt. Above all in the world. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song, Sollen in der Welt behalten Shall retain in the world, Ihren alten schnen Klang, Their old lovely ring Uns zu edler Tat begeistern To inspire us to noble deeds Unser ganzes Leben lang. Our whole life long. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song. Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom fr das deutsche Vaterland! For the German Fatherland Danach lasst uns alle streben Let us all strive for that Brderlich mit Herz und Hand! In brotherhood with heart and hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom Sind des Glckes Unterpfand; Are the foundation for happiness Blh im Glanze dieses Glckes, Bloom in the glow of happiness Blhe, deutsches Vaterland. Bloom, German Fatherland. Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles,* Germany, Germany above all* Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Nur im Unglck kann die Liebe Only in misfortune can love Zeigen, ob sie stark und echt. Show if its strong and true. Und so soll es weiterklingen And so it should ring out Von Geschlechte zu Geschlecht: From generation to generation: Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Listen to  the  Melody: Lied der Deutschen  or to the the  Deutschlandlied  (orchestral version. Austrian National Anthem: Land der Berge The national anthem (Bundeshymne) of the  Republik Ãâ€"sterreich  (Republic of Austria) was officially adopted on February 25, 1947, following a contest to find a replacement for the former imperial anthem by Haydn that had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and now also had Nazi associations. The composer of the melody is not certain, but its origin goes back to 1791, when it was created for the freemason lodge to which both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Holzer (1753-1818) belonged. Current theory says that either Mozart or Holzer could have composed the melody. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradovic (1887-1951), the winner of the 1947 competition. Preradovic was the mother of the Austrian Minister of Education, Felix Hurdes, who had encouraged her (a distinguished writer and poet) to enter the contest.   The  Swiss National Anthem (Die Schweizer Nationalhymne) The Swiss national anthem has a unique history that reflects the  nature of Switzerland itself. Switzerland (die Schweiz) may be an old country, but its current national anthem has only been official since 1981. Although the Schweizer Landeshymne or Landeshymne was tentatively approved by the Swiss Nationalrat in 1961 and was in general use after 1965, the anthem did not actually become official for another 20 years (April 1, 1981). The anthem itself, originally known as the Schweizerpsalm, is much older. In 1841 the priest and composer Alberik Zwyssig of Urn was asked to compose music for a patriotic poem written by his friend, Zurich music publisher Leonhard Widmer. He used a hymn that he had already composed, and adapted it for Widmers words. The result was the Schweizerpsalm, which soon became popular in parts of Switzerland. But some Swiss cantons, such as French-speaking Neuchatel, had their own anthems. Efforts to select an official Swiss national anthem (to replace an old one that used the British God Save the Queen/King melody) ran up against the countrys five languages and strong regional identities until 1981.

Analyze a poem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze a poem - Assignment Example 3. First lines of the poem depict the image of stereotypical Mexican bandit riding up on horse and establishing their rights. Then Baca presents the picture of Mexicans who â€Å"sneak into a town at night† (Baca, 530) and deprive jobs from Native Americans. The author suggests the strict and ridiculous stereotypes that are created about Mexican people. Last stanza discloses all reality of the existed situation. 4. The poem is written in the period of racial discrimination in America. Africans and Mexicans have been oppressed in the society and active revolt has been occurred due to such situation. Historical context is straightforwardly connected with the poem as the work introduces social problem relevant in that period. 5. The poem is based on a sort of sarcasm saying â€Å"Ese gringo, gimmee your job?†(Baca, 529). The symbol of TV used by the author to underlie obsessive consumerism power, and refer readers to the digital information means to which people believe. The metaphor â€Å"a tongue paddles through flashing waves of lightbulbs, of cameramen, rasping â€Å"Theyre taking our jobs away† (Baca, 530) emphasizes the stereotypical thinking of Americans. The symbol of â€Å"fighters† (Baca, 530), that author cannot find represent the poor Mexican’s who have to survive in hard conditions. The metaphor of â€Å"cool green sea of money† below which â€Å"millions of people fight to live† (Baca. 3530). â€Å"Dead children† (Baca, 530) is the ones who have no chance for the normal future. 6. The author denounces the defamatory American’s thinking that Mexican people take away their jobs. Still, the real situation is that Mexican’s people are searching for any possible kind of job to have money for livelihood. 7. Nowadays people live in democratic society with the equal rights and possibilities. Nevertheless, this period of discrimination has occurred a few decades ago, that is why

Constitutional Rights and Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constitutional Rights and Discrimination - Essay Example Although not actually irritating to the others, seeing Abdul pray to his god, Clyde was specifically disliking this fact, as a result, the collision between the two started. However, being the one in the lower level, Abdul knows retaliating to the actions of his boss would simply bring him into a rather complicated situation with his boss. So what he did was to simply allow time to pass through the possibility that somehow his boss might someday give him a break from the discriminative treatment that he is receiving. With the patient dealing of Abdul with the situation, Clyde on the other hand never stopped hatred and continued to discriminate Abdul’s being that later on resulted to more damaging effects on Abdul when he was pushed by Clyde resulting to having three injured bones and causing Abdul’s hospitalization with a high amount of payment needed to complete the medication needs. After which, the worse yet came when he received a pink slip indicating that he was al ready terminated from his job. The Constitution of Civil Rights had been rather established to secure the rights of the human individuals living in the human society as they deal with the different people from different races. This set of laws and regulations are all designed to assist each and everyone to realize their worth as persons and realize the fact they are worthy of respect no matter what race or religion they come from. 1Within the paragraphs that follow, the constitutional issues that were raced during the case’s discussion shall be presented so as to give a clear picture as to how or where the situation of Abdul and Clyde could actually be questioned by the law and have the oppressor pay for the damages that he may have caused his victim. The constitutional laws on human rights had been established practically to protect each person from any particular form

Principles of Motivational Interviewing

Principles of Motivational Interviewing Motivational Interviewing Assignment Introduction: For the purpose of this assignement this student will identify 4 principles of Motivational Interviewing (MI) based on Miller and Rollnick’s (2002a) skilful clinical method of communication, comparing and contrasting these principles with the Digial Recording from my Laboratory work, concluding with the contribution that MI has made to the provision of nursing practice. What is Motivational Interviewing: The World Health Organisation (WHO) clearly identified Health Promotion as â€Å"†¦ the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (WHO 1986), however, there have been â€Å"feelings of frustration† recorded from primary health care workers (HCW) when interacting with patients in relation to making healthy lifestyle changes. This has been attributed in part, due to a lack of motivation in patients and therefore the patient may be adverse to change (Percival, 2013). Miller Rollnick (2002b) hope that HCW by using a collaboration of MI techniques may bring about positive change within a patient, by promoting their hopes and aspirations for the future, drawing on their tangible strengths and using motivation as the mechanism to achieve this change. Indeed, Miller and Rollnick (2002c) defined MI as: â€Å"It is a collaborative, not a prescriptive, approach, in which the counsellor evokes the person’s own intrinsic motivation and resources for change.† Principles of Motivational Interviewing: Miller Rollnick in 2002 identified a number of guiding principles for MI; expressing empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance and support self-efficacy, further reviewed by Rollnick et al. (2008) and expressed using the acronym RULE: Resist the righting reflex, Understanding person’s motivation, Listen with empathy and Empower the person. To achieve success in MI using these principles, there are certain skills that must be utilised in a positive and effective outcome, for instance asking open questions, affirming the strengths of the patient and reflecting back or summing up what you have heard. Assess and critique of digital recording using identified principles: Resist the Righting Reflex: A natural and automatic reaction of the HCP is to make things â€Å"right† by fixing a problem, this stems from their training and experience in healthcare. Through the role play I feel that I spent too long trying to redirect the patient back to the topic of smoking, wanted to right the situation and I wouldn’t take verbal and nonverbal cues that the patient did not want to talk about smoking at that given time, it seemed to me that she had a greater desire to vent her feelings about her current marital situation including the recent infidelity, from a biopsychosocial perspective this was central to her recovery, and yet I returned on a number of occasions to the question of smoking albeit in a covert manner. The patient was in a state of pre-contemplation (Prochaska and DiClemente 1986), whereby she didn’t want to engage in any confrontational situation, believing that she did not need to change her habits regarding smoking, upon reflection the patient appeared pressured to into accepting change which further exacerbated her lack of desire to change. It appears that there was an increase in persistent resistance from the patient, which was as a direct outcome of me reverting back to the issue of smoking, therefore it is probable to say that in this scenario as a result of my desire to â€Å"right† the situation, I in fact made it worse, creating an underlying tension which was not beneficial for the patient’s recovery. I feel that a better approach would have been to gently broach the subject, with an understanding and acceptance that this was not the right time to discuss smoking cessation as the patient had other ongoing stressors. If by looking at and talking with the patient about her current biopsychosocial and socioecological stressors, I may have developed greater insight into what exactly may motivate this patient, therefore giving me clearer collateral to help develop my objective of discussing smoking cessation. Exploring and understanding the individual’s motivation: The patients own motives for change are more often than not prone to initiating change, however, in this scenario there was no indication that the patient was voicing any indicators that they wanted to change their smoking habbit, yes, she had mentioned that she had given up in the past and though I tried to develop that area it was met with resistence. Instead of trying to reason why this person isn’t motivated, I should have looked at what it is exactly that motivates her, irrespective of her current situation. There was scope to develop this as the patient showed great concern for her children, a key discrepancy in her concerns and her current smoking habit, this is a focal point that I should and could have developed further. In her current situation the patients confidence appeared to be extremely low, however I could have measured a true subjective rating in her confidence level by asking her a simple rating question â€Å"to rate from 0-10 how ready are you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This would have given me a springboard on which to probe for further motivational factors. Again by asking simple open ended questions such as: â€Å"what do you want to achieve? or how important is this for you?† it would have given greater insight into what motivates the patient by denoting what their goals are. As such, my focus was to talk about smoking cessation and unfortunately I didn’t pay much attention to signals; identifying what interests and concerns the patient was currently experiencing. There were small marked areas of ambivalence, which some (Mill Red 2008) regard as normal in MI and it was apparent at this time that the cons to giving up smoking outweighed the pros thus the patient appears to be somewhat unmotivated. Listening with empathy Empathy entails the HCP to listen to and engage with the patient in a non-judgmental manner. I expressed an understanding of how personal this experience was for the patient asking them to focus on their own issues and recovery, it could have been very easy for me to have been blasà © about the circumstances leading up to the admission, accepting what the patient was telling me in a non judgmental way. Giving a summary reflection, I paraphrased what the patient had told be asking for affirmation that I had an understanding of the current situation, which helped me to contextualise and use the patients own frame of reference. I listened for ‘change talk†, but couldn’t identify any desire, ability, reasons, need, commitment or taking steps towards instigating change, therefore the patient may not have been ready to engage in MI, however, it was a brief encounter of 5 minutes, giving me good insight into the patients current situation. The patient may not have been able to articulate their true convictions because of fear, lack of cognizance or increased anx iety due to her physical ill health and also the far reaching impact of her partner’s infidelity. Upon reflection my opening of â€Å"tell me about your problem† was poor and should have been more open and empathetic could have been more, I should have used â€Å"tell me about it† I felt that I displayed some very good attributes to listening empathetically; my body language and posture were open, engaging and receptive. I was non-confrontational or judgemental and verbally exhibited this through an appropriate use of tone and pitch, however, as mentioned earlier, I missed some important cues and felt that I didn’t ‘roll with resistance’, though it must be noted that working in a psychiatric environment there are less time constraints and more opportunities to develop an augmented MI working relationship with a patient. Empower the patient: Erickson et al. (2005) deemed that a person can increase their belief in the probability of change based on their ‘past successes’, so by focusing on the patient’s strengths and allowing them to achieve their own goal(s) the HCP can give the responsibility, ownership and control of choices back to the patient. It is within this stage that the HCP has to be a facilitator and motivator to the patient. Again the use of ‘scale questions’ can be very beneficial to the patient allowing them to rate how they perceive their situation allowing them to focus on their skills and strengths. As with all interventions in nursing, the skillset is with the clinician and MI can only work effectively if used correctly. Throughout the role play there were a number of positive example of where I was empowering the patient, starting with â€Å"I am not hear to lecture or preach to you, just to talk to you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this I felt set expectations with the patient though it could have been more specific to smoking cessation. Focusing on strengths and positives; I asked â€Å"what did you do before to give†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing the patient that they have succeeded in stopping smoking in the past. The patient expressed concerns about intrinsic family issues, though acknowledging that these are important, I advised the patient to focus and ‘concentrate on themselves in the here and now’. There were a number of pitfalls that I should have avoided such as using technical terms ‘psychosocial/biopsychosocial’ as the patient may not have understood what I meant, I should have kept it short and simple, mirroring the language used by the patient. Another area that should have been avoided was when I asked â€Å"when did you start smoking again? I know you don’t want to talk about it but..† as I feel that this reaffirmed a negative with the patient, contrasting strongly with the strengths and positives previously identified. Patients’ own arguments for change can be more persuasive than any arguments that an HCP may put forward, but it must be noted. Concentrate on the here and now†¦ It is fundamental that the HCP engages with the client in an open, non-confrontational manner with the HCP not falling into the trap of being the expert trying to assess the patient, apportioning blame or having preconceived ideas/beliefs regarding the patient. Conclusion: The Contribution that MI has mad to Nursing Practice. MI by the virtue of its patient centredness, MI affords itself to be used in a wide array of clinical settings through the use of interpersonal relationship (Rollnick and Miller 1995) allowing healthcare providers to be at one with the patient (Sobell Sobell 1993). There have been, in excess of 200 Randomised clinical trials validating the efficacy of MI in a wider cohort of nursing interventions (REF). It appears from the research that there are more studies needed to validate the true clinical efficacy of MI, however, MI has been used successfully in a multiplicity of settings from from smoking/alcohol cessation, improved efficacy in medication adherence, clients with Cancer (Thomas et al. 2012) HIV, weight management, indeed MI could and should be used all encounters between HCP and patients. The UK’s National Health Servce is rolling out a programme through all sectors about making every encounter count† which has its basis in MI. The WHO actively encourages the use of MI for those working on a quit lines when used in combination with theoretical approaches (WHO, 2014). Talking therapies have been complimented by the symbiotic use of MI in the promotion of health and as such must be embraced across all segments of the health sector, affording self-efficacy in positive outcomes for the patient. References: Mill Red 2008) Erickson, S. J.,Gerstle, M., Feldstein, S.W. (2005). Brief interventions and motivational interviewing with children, adolescents and their parents in paediatric health care settings. Archives of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 1173–1180 Miller, W. R. (1983). Motivational interviewing with problem drinkers. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 11, 147–172. Miller W.R. (1995) Motivational Enhancement Therapy with Drug Abusers http://motivationalinterview.org/Documents/METDrugAbuse.PDF(Accessed 13/10/2014) Miller W, Rollnick S (2010) What’s New Since MI-2, 2’nd International Conference on Motivational Interviewing, Stockholm, Sweden. (Last accessed: 14/10/2014) http://www.motivationalinterview.org/Documents/Miller-and-Rollnick-june6-pre-conference-workshop.pdf Miller, W. Rollnick S. (2002a pg. 41) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. Guilford Press, New York Miller, W. and Rollnick, S. (2002b) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. Pg 22 New York; The Guilford Press Miller, W. and Rollnick, S. (2002c pg.41) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. New York; The Guilford Press. Moyers, T. Rollnick S. (2002) A motivational interviewing perspective on resistance in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy in Practice 58, 185–193. Percival, J. (2013) Healthy lifestyle changes – getting beyond the ‘difficult’ conversationNovember 2013 | Volume 23 | Number 9 RCN London Prochaska J.O, DiClemente C.C (1986) Towards a comprehensive model of change. In Miller WR, Heather N (Eds) Treating Addictive Behaviors: Processes of Change. Plenum Press, New York NY, 3-27. Rogers C. (1951) Client-Centered Therapy. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, MA. Rollnick, S. Miller, W. and Butler, C. (2008) Motivational Interviewing in Health Care. London; The Guilford Press. Sobell M.B. Sobell L.C. (1993) ProblemDrinkers. Guilford Press, New York. Thomas, M.L. (2012), Elliott, J.L., Rao, S.M. Fahey, K.F. Paul, S.P Miaskowski, C. A Randomized, Clinical Trial of Education or Motivational-Interviewing–Based Coaching Compared to Usual Care to Improve Cancer Pain Management: Vol. 39, No. 1, January 2012 Oncology Nursing Forum White, W.L. Miller, W.R. (2007) The use of confrontation in addiction treatment: history, sciences and time for change. Counsellor 8, 12–30. WHO (2009) Milestones in Health Promotion, Statements from Global Conferences. Accessed 17/10/2014 /http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/Milestones_Health_Promotion_05022010.pdf?ua=1 WHO (2014) Training for tobacco quit line counsellors: telephone counselling. WHO, Geneva. 1